Negative vs positive gearing

What is positive gearing and how does it work?

Simply put, a positively geared property is one where your incomings i.e. rental income are higher than your outgoings i.e. mortgage repayments, repairs, strata fees, council rates, resulting in positive cash flow before tax.

What is negative gearing?

As you might guess, negative gearing is the opposite of positive gearing where rental income received from the property is less than the sum of outgoing costs. So why would an investor choose to seemingly lose money?

Reduce taxable income
When a property is negatively geared, the shortfall can be claimed as a loss when doing your tax return. By reducing your taxable income you can reduce the amount of tax payable. Many investors choose to negatively gear their investment for this purpose, with the aim of achieving strong capital gains over time.

Focus on capital growth
Investors who choose negative gearing are typically targeting long term capital growth above their accumulated losses for when the property is sold. This means that in the short term, negatively geared investors are able to save on tax whilst benefiting from long-term capital growth.

Lower Interest Rates
Interest rates are currently at a historic low in Australia, making negative gearing a popular option for many investors as many properties are now only incurring a small loss, making it easier to hold onto an asset.

Maintain a buffer
A high income or cash reserve is often needed to maintain a negatively geared investment strategy to ensure you’re able to hold the property long enough to achieve the targeted capital growth.

Buying Power
Since a negatively geared property investment is not generating positive cashflow, this may make it harder to build on your existing portfolio.

Growth location/quality property
It’s always important to choose a great location and a quality property with strong long-term potential – more so with a negatively geared property where you are targeting long term price growth.

Paper vs out-of-pocket costs - understanding tax depreciation

The conversation around gearing tends to go hand in hand with tax or tax benefits – as a tax saving or tax increase can impact your cashflow over the year.

Owners of investment properties are eligible to claim tax deductions for a number of expenses involved in holding a property. Most investors are aware of some of the deductions they are entitled to claim such as their property manager’s fees, council rates and any repairs and maintenance costs.

However, often investors are unaware of property depreciation, which for new properties, in particular, can have a big impact on cashflow – and whether a property has positive or negative cashflow.

What is depreciation?

Over time, any building and the assets contained within it will experience wear and tear. Legislation allows investors to claim this wear and tear as a tax deduction called depreciation.  

But unlike other expenses involved in holding a property, such as repairs and maintenance for instance, an investor does not need to spend any money to be eligible to claim it.

For this reason, depreciation is often described as a ‘non-cash deduction’. I.e. it’s not an out-of-pocket cost, but you can still claim it as a deduction. 

Many investors choose to purchase new properties to take advantage of the higher depreciation claimable compared to older (second-hand) properties with low or no depreciation to claim. 

Common items that qualify for depreciation includes:

1. The building’s structure
2. Dishwasher & washing machines
3. Carpet & timber flooring
4. Exhaust & ceiling fans
5. Microwaves & ovens
6. Smoke alarms & air conditioning
7. Cooktop & furniture 

A depreciation report is provided by a Quantity Surveyor – this report will outline all the deductions an investor can claim for any specific property at the end of each financial year. Your accountant will then use the figures outlined in the depreciation schedule when submitting the investor’s individual income tax return at the end of financial year.

Negative gearing - with positive cashflow?

A common misconception with many investors is the idea that a negatively geared investment property always means negative cashflow. But the following, simple example, illustrates that this isn’t always the case – as depreciation can have a significant impact on cashflow for new properties.  

Last year, John bought an investment property – a new apartment – for $600,000 earning a rental income of $600/week. He paid a 20% deposit of $120,000 and has an interest only loan of 5.5%.

At the same time, Anna bought an investment property – a second-hand apartment – for $600,000 earning a rental income of $650/week. She also paid a 20% deposit of $120,000 at the same interest rate of 5.5%.

As shown in the example above, John’s investment property earning $600/week from rent is negatively geared, meaning his investment requires an additional $1,000 to hold each year. On the contrary, Anna’s property is positively geared with an increased rent of $650/week compared to John, providing her with a positive cash flow of $1,600.

If we add depreciation deductions into the mix, John’s situation changes. With John’s new $600,000 apartment, the property depreciation amount for the first year is $18,000. This “loss” from depreciation plus the $1,000 in negative cash flow equates to $19,000 that can be deducted from his taxable income.

Compared to Anna who has to pay additional tax as a result of her positive gearing, John’s negative gearing and tax depreciation brings his taxable income down from $70,000 (-$19,000) to $51,000. As a result, John’s tax payable for the year reduces from $14,616 to $7,826, saving $6,790.

This essentially puts John ahead by $5,790 for the year in positive cash flow despite his investment being negatively geared. Even when compared to Anna’s positively geared investment, John is earning $4,742 more than Anna’s investment which does not take advantage of depreciation.

Whilst this is a very simplistic example, it illustrates the importance of considering your options carefully prior to buying an investment property or building a long-term investment strategy. 

Our property investment strategists can help tailor a strategy to suit your goals and situation and introduce you to other finance professionals who could help you minimise your tax in the short term whilst building quality assets to your name over the long-term. Book a free appointment via the button below to get started.

This article is intended to provide general information only, current at the time of first publication. It does not constitute any financial advice, offer, contract or inducement to buy. Investors are expressly recommended to do their own due diligence in relation to any investment decision they make and seek independent financial advice.